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博客 > 术业专攻> Linux基础> 系统与优化> 使用supervisor管理tomcat> nginx等进程详解 2019年08月29日 11:25:31
Supervisor是用Python开发的一套通用的进程管理程序，能将一个普通的命令行进程变为后台daemon，并监控进程状态，异常退出时能自动重启。
它是通过fork/exec的方式把这些被管理的进程当作supervisor的子进程来启动，这样只要在supervisor的配置文件中，把要管理的进程的可执行文件的路径写进去即可。也实现当子进程挂掉的时候，父进程可以准确获取子进程挂掉的信息的，可以选择是否自己启动和报警。supervisor还提供了一个功能，可以为supervisord或者每个子进程，设置一个非root的user，这个user就可以管理它对应的进程。
这里我推荐使用easy_install的方式安装，因为这种方式安装的自定义性比较强，安装也比较方便，虽然网上有不少地方也介绍yum方式的安装，但是据我个人的体验来看，不如这种安装方式来的好。
而且这种方式安装以及使用，是适用于CentOS-6以及CenOS-7两个大系统版本的。
yum install -y python-setuptools.noarch easy_install supervisor
如果两条命令都执行没有问题，就安装成功了。
也可以通过如下指令测试安装是否成功：
[root@moban ~]$echo_supervisord_conf
; Sample supervisor config file.
;
; For more information on the config file, please see:
; http://supervisord.org/configuration.html
;
; Notes:
; - Shell expansion ("~" or "$HOME") is not supported. Environment
; variables can be expanded using this syntax: "%(ENV_HOME)s".
; - Quotes around values are not supported, except in the case of
; the environment= options as shown below.
; - Comments must have a leading space: "a=b ;comment" not "a=b;comment".
; - Command will be truncated if it looks like a config file comment, e.g.
; "command=bash -c 'foo ; bar'" will truncate to "command=bash -c 'foo ".
[unix_http_server]
file=/tmp/supervisor.sock ; the path to the socket file
;chmod=0700 ; socket file mode (default 0700)
;chown=nobody:nogroup ; socket file uid:gid owner
;username=user ; default is no username (open server)
;password=123 ; default is no password (open server)
;[inet_http_server] ; inet (TCP) server disabled by default
;port=127.0.0.1:9001 ; ip_address:port specifier, *:port for all iface
;username=user ; default is no username (open server)
;password=123 ; default is no password (open server)
[supervisord]
logfile=/tmp/supervisord.log ; main log file; default $CWD/supervisord.log
logfile_maxbytes=50MB ; max main logfile bytes b4 rotation; default 50MB
logfile_backups=10 ; # of main logfile backups; 0 means none, default 10
loglevel=info ; log level; default info; others: debug,warn,trace
pidfile=/tmp/supervisord.pid ; supervisord pidfile; default supervisord.pid
nodaemon=false ; start in foreground if true; default false
minfds=1024 ; min. avail startup file descriptors; default 1024
minprocs=200 ; min. avail process descriptors;default 200
;umask=022 ; process file creation umask; default 022
;user=chrism ; default is current user, required if root
;identifier=supervisor ; supervisord identifier, default is 'supervisor'
;directory=/tmp ; default is not to cd during start
;nocleanup=true ; don't clean up tempfiles at start; default false
;childlogdir=/tmp ; 'AUTO' child log dir, default $TEMP
;environment=KEY="value" ; key value pairs to add to environment
;strip_ansi=false ; strip ansi escape codes in logs; def. false
; The rpcinterface:supervisor section must remain in the config file for
; RPC (supervisorctl/web interface) to work. Additional interfaces may be
; added by defining them in separate [rpcinterface:x] sections.
[rpcinterface:supervisor]
supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface
; The supervisorctl section configures how supervisorctl will connect to
; supervisord. configure it match the settings in either the unix_http_server
; or inet_http_server section.
[supervisorctl]
serverurl=unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock ; use a unix:// URL for a unix socket
;serverurl=http://127.0.0.1:9001 ; use an http:// url to specify an inet socket
;username=chris ; should be same as in [*_http_server] if set
;password=123 ; should be same as in [*_http_server] if set
;prompt=mysupervisor ; cmd line prompt (default "supervisor")
;history_file=~/.sc_history ; use readline history if available
; The sample program section below shows all possible program subsection values.
; Create one or more 'real' program: sections to be able to control them under
; supervisor.
;[program:theprogramname]
;command=/bin/cat ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args)
;process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s)
;numprocs=1 ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
;directory=/tmp ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd)
;umask=022 ; umask for process (default None)
;priority=999 ; the relative start priority (default 999)
;autostart=true ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
;startsecs=1 ; # of secs prog must stay up to be running (def. 1)
;startretries=3 ; max # of serial start failures when starting (default 3)
;autorestart=unexpected ; when to restart if exited after running (def: unexpected)
;exitcodes=0,2 ; 'expected' exit codes used with autorestart (default 0,2)
;stopsignal=QUIT ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)
;stopwaitsecs=10 ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10)
;stopasgroup=false ; send stop signal to the UNIX process group (default false)
;killasgroup=false ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false)
;user=chrism ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program
;redirect_stderr=true ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false)
;stdout_logfile=/a/path ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stdout_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stdout logfile backups (0 means none, default 10)
;stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0)
;stdout_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stdout writes (default false)
;stderr_logfile=/a/path ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stderr_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stderr logfile backups (0 means none, default 10)
;stderr_capture_maxbytes=1MB ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0)
;stderr_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stderr writes (default false)
;environment=A="1",B="2" ; process environment additions (def no adds)
;serverurl=AUTO ; override serverurl computation (childutils)
; The sample eventlistener section below shows all possible eventlistener
; subsection values. Create one or more 'real' eventlistener: sections to be
; able to handle event notifications sent by supervisord.
;[eventlistener:theeventlistenername]
;command=/bin/eventlistener ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args)
;process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s)
;numprocs=1 ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
;events=EVENT ; event notif. types to subscribe to (req'd)
;buffer_size=10 ; event buffer queue size (default 10)
;directory=/tmp ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd)
;umask=022 ; umask for process (default None)
;priority=-1 ; the relative start priority (default -1)
;autostart=true ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
;startsecs=1 ; # of secs prog must stay up to be running (def. 1)
;startretries=3 ; max # of serial start failures when starting (default 3)
;autorestart=unexpected ; autorestart if exited after running (def: unexpected)
;exitcodes=0,2 ; 'expected' exit codes used with autorestart (default 0,2)
;stopsignal=QUIT ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)
;stopwaitsecs=10 ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10)
;stopasgroup=false ; send stop signal to the UNIX process group (default false)
;killasgroup=false ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false)
;user=chrism ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program
;redirect_stderr=false ; redirect_stderr=true is not allowed for eventlisteners
;stdout_logfile=/a/path ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stdout_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stdout logfile backups (0 means none, default 10)
;stdout_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stdout writes (default false)
;stderr_logfile=/a/path ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stderr_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stderr logfile backups (0 means none, default 10)
;stderr_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stderr writes (default false)
;environment=A="1",B="2" ; process environment additions
;serverurl=AUTO ; override serverurl computation (childutils)
; The sample group section below shows all possible group values. Create one
; or more 'real' group: sections to create "heterogeneous" process groups.
;[group:thegroupname]
;programs=progname1,progname2 ; each refers to 'x' in [program:x] definitions
;priority=999 ; the relative start priority (default 999)
; The [include] section can just contain the "files" setting. This
; setting can list multiple files (separated by whitespace or
; newlines). It can also contain wildcards. The filenames are
; interpreted as relative to this file. Included files *cannot*
; include files themselves.
;[include]
;files = relative/directory/*.ini
mkdir -m 755 -p /etc/supervisor
echo_supervisord_conf >/etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf
mkdir -m 755 /etc/supervisor/conf.d
配置文件的详细解析放在最后。
主机上安装的tomcat进程，无论怎么操作都无法开机自启动，那么现在有了这个进程管理工具，就可以实现对tomcat进程的管理了。
进程管理配置参数，不建议全都写在supervisord.conf文件中，应该每个进程写一个配置文件放在include指定的目录下包含进supervisord.conf文件中。
所以此时应该先修改一下这个参数：
vim /etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf 直接跳到文本最后，删掉前边的注释（分号）。然后更改如下： [include] files = /etc/supervisor/conf.d/*.ini
需要注意的地方====》所有要管理的进程都不能开启后台模式，只能使用前台模式进行配置；使用后台模式会出现一直重新开启新进程的情况。
[root@fbtest conf.d]$cat tomcat.ini [program:tomcat] command=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh run stdout_logfile=/usr/local/tomcat/logs/catalina.out stderr_logfile=/usr/local/tomcat/logs/catalina.out environment=JAVA_HOME="/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_144",JAVA_BIN="/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_144/bin" autorestart=false startsecs=60 priority=1 stopasgroup=true killasgroup=true
catalina.sh run的方式启动是一种前台的启动方式，因此日志并不会输出到对应的tomcat日志里，当中有两句定义日志的指令，其中生效的是stderr_logfile，也就是说，是这条指令，使得尽管我们在前台启动的tomcat应用，依然会将日志输出到catalina.out里边。[root@fbtest conf.d]$cat nginx.ini [program:nginx] command=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -g 'daemon off;' priority=1000 autostart=true startretries=3 autorestart=true user=root
通过启动命令加载配置文件。
supervisord -c /etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf [root@moban ~]$supervisorctl tomcat FATAL Exited too quickly (process log may have details) supervisor>
如果此时报错，那么google一下报的错误，很容易解决。
以上两个命令说明：
supervisord : supervisor的服务器端部分，用于supervisor启动。supervisorctl：启动supervisor的命令行窗口，在该命令行中可执行start、stop、status、reload等操作。此时可以通过查看tomcat的日志，来判断，是否启动成功，也可以通过重启服务器，来检验，是否生效。
估计重启服务器还不行，因为还没有添加supervisor进程的开机自启。
这个地方因为CentOS版本升级之后对服务的管理方式不同，因此创建的方式也不一样，我这里分别列出来。
进入/lib/systemd/system目录，并创建supervisord.service文件。
[root@moban ~]$cat /lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service [Unit] Description=supervisord After=network.target [Service] Type=forking ExecStart=/usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf ExecStop=/usr/bin/supervisorctl $OPTIONS shutdown ExecReload=/usr/bin/supervisorctl $OPTIONS reload KillMode=process Restart=on-failure RestartSec=42s [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
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